The Man And Legend Essay - 1211 Words

Can We Attain an Equal America?; Can we really achieve equality? I do believe it is possible but it is obvious that there is no single answer to such a question. Everyone has their own opinion in regards to this question, however those opinions are useless unless they are actually carried out. According to W.E.B. DuBois racial equality can be achieved through the talented tenth,; an African American elite that would be leaders and role models for the rest of the black community. In The Future of the Race, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Cornel West address the topic of Dubois 1903 essay The Talented Tenth.; When it comes to achieving equality among all races I dont particularly agree with DuBois idea of a Talented Tenth.; I†¦show more content†¦Malcolm X declares that if it is right for America to draft us and teach us how to be violent in defense of the country, then isnt right for you and me to do whatever is necessary to defend our own people right here in this country.;(89) Consequently, he believed that on ly through revolution and force could blacks attain their rightful place in society. In one of his speeches Malcolm X encouraged blacks to hate whites and to revolt against them. He claims that revolution is bloody, revolution is hostile, revolution knows no compromise, revolution overturns and destroys everything that gets in it way.; However, when he later broke free from the black Muslim movement began emphasizing unity and change through black pride and respect for oneself rather than through hate and revenge. He told blacks that if they had any chance of blacks attaining equality, then their first priority would be to gain self-respect and join together in a group effort to combat racist views. (253) I believe that there is one main problem that hinders the idea of having a group effort to achieve equality. That is that our minds seem to support and defend our own reasoning and actions, whether they are right or wrong. We have to learn how to admit being wrong. I simply cant believe that people find racism as a way of life. However, it all comes down to what you learn when youre a child. Generations of the future must be taughtShow MoreRelatedPatton, The Man Behind The Legend1733 Words   |  7 Pages Patton, the Man Behind the Legend, 1885-1945. Zach Harper History 2200, U.S. History Since 1877 (to the Present) Dr. James Moulton 20 April 2016 â€Æ' Blumenson, Martin. (1985). Patton, the man behind the legend, 1885-1945. New York: Morrow. How would you define determination? Determination is often having the motivation and willpower to see a goal, a task or an idea through to the end. Throughout our history, there have been many events that have shaped or had an effect on our countryRead MoreZeus The man the Myth the Legend1577 Words   |  7 Pagesthought. The next great threat to Zeus was by the monstrous Tiphon. Gaia was still holding a grudge against Zeus for the imprisonment of her children, the Titans. Gaia mated with her son Tartarus from the underworld to create Tiphon. It had the body of man with the legs of coiled snakes. Its head consisted of one hundred snake and dragon-like heads that produced the terrible sound of humans, lion roars, the whimpering of dogs, and many other indescribable noises (Stone 71). The battle was nearly apocalypticRead MoreAnalysis Of Ip Man And Fist Of Legend1874 Words   |  8 PagesThe final scenes of Ip Man and Fist of Legend are much more than just epic fight scenes between the protagonist and antagonist. These fight scenes are the culmination of Chinese struggle against Japanese oppression. The overarching focus of this paper will be directed towards each films use of martial arts as a medium for Chinese nationalism. The overall method for introducing Chinese nationalism to each film is rel atively similar. The main difference between the Chinese nationalism establishedRead MoreEssay on Muhammad Ali: The Man, the Myth, and the Legend1104 Words   |  5 PagesMuhammad Ali: The Man, the Myth, and the Legend Muhammad Ali is one of the most decorated athletes in American history. For decades he dominated the boxing world going against any and every opposition that came before him. His stamina and charisma has yet to be matched by any athlete since him. The Vietnam War drove many Americans into the vicious battle. Many served faithfully but Muhammad Ali refused to serve his country in that way. His career was threatened and he was on the verge of beingRead MoreGeorge Washington : Man, Myth, Legend Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesFrom cutting a cherry tree at the age of six to being the first president of the United States George Washington was a very influential man throughout his career. The topics of discussion will be his life before, during, and after his career, his major events, and the effects of his major events on the world. There shall be three subtopics amongst each main topic. For the first section, the subtopics are the importance of his birthdate and birthplace, childhood life, and his education. The secondRead MoreCharlie â€Å"Bird, † Parker the Man, the Myth, the Legend, the Addict...3532 Words   |  15 PagesCharlie â€Å"Bird,† Parker The Man, The Myth, The Legend, The Addict... Charles parker was a brilliant jazz musician. He was so innovative and played with such genius that he has influenced all jazz musicians regardless of their time period. One can only speculate what might have happened with Jazz if Charles life was not cut short due to intense drug use as was so common in the musician scene. Then again one can only speculate weather or not Charles Jazz would have been as great as it was if itRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart And The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Themes â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† One of Washington Irving’s short and most famous stories ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’ has become a ghoulish characteristic yet an individual might still be unaccustomed with its idiocy (Hoffman, 425). Based on the real legend of Ichabod Crane, the story reveals how he disappeared. For that reason, the story revolves around the themes of wealth, appearances, truth, warfare, supernatural, gluttony and greed. On the other hand, TheRead MoreThe Origin Of The Native American1415 Words   |  6 Pagesstory of the origination of the Blackfeet starts with Napi, more commonly known as Old Man. Although the origin of the Old Man is unknown, it is expressed that the Old Man started to walk north, creating things as he went. He created animals and as he created them, he determined the best place for them to live, such as the big horned sheep should live in a mountainous region instead of a desert region. Old Man then made a woman and a child, and with this, came the Black feet people. â€Å"The first peopleRead MoreEssay Archetypal Symbols in the Alchemist1002 Words   |  5 PagesPortuguese and has since been translated in 67 different languages. It has sold over 65 million copies worldwide and was awarded â€Å"Best Fiction Corine International Award† in 2002. It follows a story of a boy named Santiago who is following his personal legend. The Alchemist has many archetypal themes and symbols including wise old men, women, and the nature around him. Throughout this novel, Coelho uses archetypal men. The men he uses are the Alchemist, his father, and the King of Salem. Wise old menRead MoreUrban Myths Of Urban Legends981 Words   |  4 PagesImagine the urban legends from your younger years, a reminiscent of your wildest fears. Your heart rate gradually increases from the thought, feeling it pump out from your chest. Your breathing staggers and paranoia surrounds you. You’re frozen from fear, yet you can’t run or fight it off. As we grow, urban legends are intended to make us feel specific emotions: as children they instill fear, as adolescents they’re meant more as humorous banter, while as adults, they’re forgotten and replaced with

Inbreeding Depression By Environment Interactions Essay

Inbreeding Depression Inbreeding depression is a widely-studied topic in the fields of not only genetics, but as well as the fields of biology, ecology, etc. Directly speaking, inbreeding depression results in the loss or reduced expression of a trait due to the mating between two closely related organisms (Hartl 547). As of today, there are a plethora of studies and evidence that explain how and why inbreeding occurs within populations even though it is deleterious for the populations. However, several of these experiments are done in an unnatural environment or researchers have manipulated data in a way to deem the results not truly representative (JM Pemberton et al.,2016). It is vital to discover and understand the inbreeding depression of organisms in natural conditions so that this area of study is accurately represented by reasonable data and the knowledge of this topic can be expanded accurately. The article, â€Å"Inbreeding Depression by Environment Interactions in a Free-living Mammal Populati on† published in Heredity in November 2016, discusses research done on a population of sheep in St. Kilda in attempt to discover inbreeding depression by environment interaction with unmanipulated and true data. The sheep live on an isolated island, so it is assumed that inbreeding is high in the population and genetic variation is low as well. In this article, the researchers analyzed nine traits in the sheep for inbreeding depression by environment interaction. These traits areShow MoreRelatedThe Wild, And Its Effects1556 Words   |  7 PagesInbreeding in the wild, and its effects, has been a largely contested subject over time. Not only has the occurrence of inbreeding depression in nature been questioned, but also the strength of it, that if it did occur if it was even worth noting. This has recently been explored within the literature both through field experiments as well as laboratory observations and model constructions. Not only has it been confirmed to occur in nature, but it has also been deemed of greater strength than previouslyRead MoreThe Origin And Significance Of Diversity Within The Taxonomic Group Of Lagomorpha1779 Words   |  8 Pagesaltering event, whether it be a mutation, physical isolation, inbreeding depression etc. This essay seeks to analyze the origins and significance of diversity within the taxonomic group of lagomorpha, analyzing the diversity both within and between species. Origin of diversity within species Inbreeding depression occurs when species inbreed to a point where the overall fitness of the species decreases. Slate and Pemberton studied how inbreeding resulted in a reduced heterozygosity affected the spermRead MoreDiversity Within The Taxonomic Group Of Lagormorpha1863 Words   |  8 Pagesdepends on evolution and evolutionary processes. This essay seeks to analyze the origins and significance of diversity within the taxonomic group of Lagormorpha, both within species and between species. Origin of diversity within species Inbreeding depression occurs when species inbreed to a point where the overall fitness of the species decreases significantly. Slate and Pemberton studied how reduced heterozygosity affected the sperm and gonads of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) across theRead MoreLong Term Species Is The Main Goal Of Conservation Biology2220 Words   |  9 Pagestaxa, and how this can be maintained or amplified, in order to ensure species persistence, even in a changing environment. Population genetic theory (Wright 1969) suggests that small isolated populations will undergo genetic drift, inbreeding and reduced gene flow, resulting in loss of intra-population genetic variation, increased genetic differentiation among populations, inbreeding depression and loss of fitness (Barrett and Kohn 1991), leading to extirpation (Reed and Frankham 2003). This is alsoRead MoreHistory Of Asteraceae Or Compositae Giseke1839 Words   |  8 PagesBritain was conducted, the strong SSI phenomenon was displayed by majority of 191 plants (96.9%) regardless of the current location and time since colonization of each population (26, 3). Nevertheless, comparisons on 9 fitness trait values and inbreeding depression values between 10 inbred and 6 outcrossed progeny arrays was conducted. These traits influences fitness were mainly at one of three life history stages (germination and seed survival; vegetative growth and vigour; reproduction and fecundity)Read MorePerceived Stress Level s and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement15005 Words   |  61 Pagesmust adjust to being away from home for the first time, maintain a high level of academic achievement, and adjust to a new social environment. College students, regardless of year in school, often deal with pressures related to finding a job or a potential life partner. These stressors do not cause anxiety or tension by themselves. Instead, stress results from the interaction between stressors and the individuals perception and reaction to those stressors. The amount of stress experienced may be influencedRead MoreCardiovascular Disease ( Cvd )9447 Words   |  38 Pagesbelow: Table1 – Modifiable Risk Factors for CVD[4] Behavioural factors Biomedical factors Tobacco smoking High blood pressure insufficient physical activity High blood cholesterol Dietary behaviour Overweight and obesity Excessive alcohol consumption depression Blood Pressure Definition The pressure caused by blood circulating around the body against the walls of arteries, veins and other blood vessels is described as blood pressure (BP). BP is characterised by cardiac output (CO) and total peripheralRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslong nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began inRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . 46 . 48 . 50 . 52 . 55 . 58 . 60 Section 2: Planning 4—Planning Information Services and Systems . . . . . . . 65 Techniques and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Environment for Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Planning Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 The Planning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Factors in Planning . . . .Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pages..... 67 NOTES.................................................................... 74 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Table of Contents SECTION TWO .............................................................. 93 The Human Resource Environment........................... 94 TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ............................................................ 96 WORKER VALUES AND ATTITUDINAL TRENDS ........ 109 MANAGEMENT TRENDS ......................................... 116

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay Paper Example For Students

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay Paper Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:Sir Gawain Faces TemptationSir Gawain was known as a noble and honest man who was willing to stare death in the face to protect King Arthur. However, the courtly Sir Gawain is submitted to the unexpectednot to the test he expects, but to one he does not expect (qtd. in Spearing). The underlying theme throughout the entire poem is temptation, which, is Sir Gawains greatest challenge because he is not aware of it. He faltered not nor fearedBut quickly went his way, His road was rough and weird,Or so the stories say. (qtd. Stone 47)Sir Gawain stands up just as the Green Knight challenges King Arthur. Gawain saves his uncle from the humiliation the Green Knight imposes on the King from his badgering; for this Gawain is very brave. He has no fear in approaching the Green Knight and accepting the game. Sir Gawain was a man who was held in high esteem before the people at Camelot. Thus, he was given the title Sir Gawain, which sealed his noble existence. A kn ight is a man who, for some achievement, is given honorary rank and thus entitling him to use Sir before his given name (qtd. in Websters pg. 747). Berry 2King Arthur was a very honorable man, one with boyish spirits and youthful persona. The King also displays his humble nature when at the table, he refused to begin eating before any of his guests. However, when the Green Knight confronts him he does not cower before him. He raged as roaring gale;His followers felt the same. The King, not one to quail, To that cavalier then came. The Green Knight was described as a handsome, muscular man. Because every article of clothing the Green Knight wore was green, including his skin and hair, he is reminiscent of a fertility god. This idea of a fertility god plays a role when introducing the theme of temptation on the behalf of the Lords wife. He was very confident and witty. Green and huge of grain, Mettlesome in mightAnd brusque with bit and rein-A steed to serve that knight!The opposition between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight began when the knight entered the kings hall on New Years Eve. He challenged anyone present to strike him with an axe, providing that he could do the same one-year later. Gawain, not wanting the King to partake in such a game, takes up the challenge and cuts off the Green Knights Berry 3head. The knight then, picks up his head, and tells Gawain to meet him at the Green Chapel in one year. Gawain goes searching for the Green Chapel ten months later. He stays at a nearby castle for Christmas an d New Years, entertained by the Lords wife. At the end of each day Gawain was to exchange with the lord whatever he had gained. While the Lord is off hunting, his wife, attempts his Gawains chastity (Stone 11). However, the wife can do no more than kiss Gawain, for he would not allow it. The wife of the Lord tries one more time to seduce the noble knight in his bed. This time she is dressed much more provocatively. Gawain, amazed at her appearance, says: God love you gracious lady (Norton 234). Further, he is happy that a very beautiful woman like the Lords wife spends time talking with him: it is a pleasure surpassing it comforts my hurt (Norton 234). Afterwards she tries to kiss him again, but Gawain is very defensive so that no fault appears but only complete happiness. She kisses him for a second time: They linger and laugh awhile and she departs without more ado (Norton 234). But the during the third, and final attempt to seduce Gawain, she persuades him to accept her girdle, which she convinces him will protect his life. Gawain conceals this gift from the Lord because he cannot exchange it. .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 , .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 .postImageUrl , .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 , .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3:hover , .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3:visited , .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3:active { border:0!important; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3:active , .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3 .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9df73ef1a6aae33d8d4e3b9f27a377b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Todays World There Are Many Moral Issues That Take Place In Society EssayGawain is hesitant to be involved with the Lady for three equally important reasons. First, she is the Lords wife and, being a noble gentleman, he would not want to dishonor him. Second, if he sleeps with her, he has to exchange it with the Lord. Finally, he is afraid to commit sin before he faces God because his death is almost certain once he Berry 4meets with the Green Knight. This shows what an important role religion played in the lives of men at this point in time. The fear of god far exceeded that of any mortal man. When Gawain finally meets with the Green Knight at the Green Chapel the Knig ht give him three feinted blows, just barely cutting him on the third. The Knight then explained that he was Gawains host and that the first two blows were for his honesty in giving him his wifes kisses and the cut was for Gawains failure to reveal the gift of the girdle. After hearing the story Gawains peers judge that he has brought honor to the Round Table (Stone 12). We are placed on the side mortality itself, and can thus, with the Green Knight, forgive Gawain for his single act of cowardice: what he did was done not out of sensual lust but for love of lifethe less, then, to blame. In the context of this affectionate sympathy, Gawains own violent anger at the revelation of his fault must itself be viewed with amusement, as part of his human fallibility. (Borroff, Introduction)He expects (and we expect with him when we first read the poem) that the real test he has to nerve himself for is meeting the Green Knight at the Green Chapel and receiving a presumably mortal blow from his axe. But when, after a tremendous effort of will, he does bring himself to face the Green Knight and accept the blow, it turns out that this is not the test itself. This test is only the symbol of a previous test which was carried out by the Green Knights wife, and which Gawain has already failed, marked by the girdle he accepted as a gift. Berry 5Works CitedAbrahms, M.H . The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc., 1993. Borroff, Marie. Sir Gawain and The Green Knight: A New Verse Translation. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc., 1967. Spearing, A.C.. Patience and the Gawain-Poet. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Ed. F. Denton. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Stone, Brian. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. New York: Penguin Group. 1959.

Red Dragon free essay sample

The Silence of the Lambs and Hannibal, Anthony Hopkins returns as brilliant madman Hannibal Lecter in this thriller based on the novel in which author Thomas Harris introduced the character. Will Graham (Edward Norton) is an FBI agent with a rare gift for tracking serial killers who brought Hannibal Lecter to justice; however, his confrontation with Lecter proved to be a bloody, near-death experience, and afterward Graham retired from the Bureau, moving to Florida to spend his time with his wife, Molly (Mary-Louise Parker), and their son. However, a particularly grisly killer is on the loose, and Jack Crawford (Harvey Keitel), Grahams one-time mentor at the Bureau, asks him to return to duty to find him. The Tooth Fairy is a vicious murderer who kills entire families at once, covering the eyes of his victims with bits of a shattered mirror. Graham finds he needs help putting together the pieces of the Tooth Fairy case, and he calls upon Lecter looking for advice. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Dragon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lecter, at once vaguely helpful and self-serving, as usual, offers scraps of information to Graham which help him zero in on the killer. But Lecter knows more than hes telling; the Tooth Fairy is actually Francis Dolarhyde (Ralph Fiennes), a troubled and withdrawn man who admires Lecters violent panache and corresponds with him. Dolarhyde works at a film processing lab, where one of his co-workers, a blind woman named Reba McClane (Emily Watson), seems to be quite attracted to him. As Dolarhyde wrestles with both his murderous impulses and his feelings for McClane, Lecter plays Graham and Dolarhyde against one another so that, as the FBI agent comes closer to catching the Tooth Fairy, Dolarhyde moves in on his next victim Grahams family.

Global Hotels and Momma’s Motels free essay sample

Suppose you work in the IT department of Global Hotels, a multinational hotel chain. Global Hotels runs several specialized business support systems, including a guest reservations system that was developed in-house to meet the requirements of a large company with worldwide operations. Guests can make one-stop online reservations by visiting Global’s Web site, which has links to all major travel industry sites. Global Hotels just acquired Momma’s, a regional chain of 20 motels in western Canada. Momma’s uses a vertical reservations package suitable for small- to medium-sized businesses, and a generic accounting and finance package. Should Momma’s use Global Hotels’ information systems or continue with its own? In your answer, consider issues such as business profiles, business processes, system interactivity, EDI, XML, e-commerce, and the characteristics of both information systems. What additional information would be helpful to you in making a recommendation? 29 Systems Planning The Information Technology Department Systems Support and Security Systems support and security provides vital protection and maintenance services for system hardware and software, including enterprise computing systems, networks, transaction processing systems, and corporate IT infrastructure. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Hotels and Momma’s Motels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The systems support and security group implements and monitors physical and electronic security hardware, software, and procedures. This group also installs and supports operating systems, telecommunications software, and centralized database management systems. In addition, systems support and security technicians provide technical assistance to other groups in the IT department. If a site has a large number of remote clients, the systems support group often includes a deployment team that installs and configures the workstations. User Support User support provides users with technical information, training, and productivity support. The user support function usually is called a help desk or information center (IC). A help desk’s staff trains users and managers on application software such as e-mail, word processing spreadsheets, and graphics packages. User support specialists answer questions, troubleshoot problems, and serve as a clearinghouse for user problems and solutions. Database Administration Database administration involves data design, management, security, backup, and access. In small- and medium-sized companies, an IT support person performs those roles in addition to other duties. Regardless of company size, mission-critical database applications require continuous attention and technical support. Network Administration Business operations depend on networks that enable company-wide information systems. Network administration includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and security. In addition to controlling user access, network administrators install, configure, manage, monitor, and maintain network applications. Network administration is discussed in more detail in Chapter 10. Web Support Web support is a vital technical support function. Web support specialists design and construct Web pages, monitor traffic, manage hardware and software, and link Web-based applications to the company’s information systems. Reliable, high-quality Web support is especially critical for companies engaged in e-commerce. Quality Assurance (QA) Many large IT departments also use a quality assurance (QA) team that reviews and tests all applications and systems changes to verify specifications and software quality standards. The QA team usually is a separate unit that reports directly to IT management

Construction Financial Essays

Construction Financial Essays Construction Financial Essay Construction Financial Essay Muhibbah had its beginnings in 1972 when it was incorporated as specialist in marine and civil engineering and construction company. In 1994 the company was listed on the Main Board of Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). From 1994 to 2000 Muhibbah was ventured into overseas market in Australia, Germany, Thailand and Sudan. In 2003 the company received International Achievement Award from Malaysian Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) for recognition of involvement in oversea projects. In 2006 Muhibbah entered into overseas market in Yemen. Today, Muhibbah stands firm in the various discipline of engineering construction; such as construction of building structures, airport facilities, marine works, oil and gas, bridges and roads including provision of Intelligent Transportation System. Muhibbah is organised into four (4) core business segments which are Infrastructure Construction Division, Cranes Division, Shipyard Division and Concessions Division. The corporate structure is illustrated in figure 1. The company structure by core business segment and geographical segment are illustrated in figure 2 and 3. The infrastructure construction is the core business of Muhibbah group which contribute delivery 58% of the group income in year 2006. This segment engaged in construction projects, engineering contract works, oil and gas, and provision of technical assistance. A major achievement is the completion of the oil jetty at Horizon Oil Terminal in Jurong, Singapore had allows Muhibbah to tender for similar projects in the international market. In 2006, Muhibbah was successful in securing a contract from YEMGAS FZCO, Yemen LNG Jetty Works is the largest single project secured by the Group. In March 2007, the Group was awarded with the Petroleum Hub and Bunkering Facility project near Tanjung Pelepas. Muhibbah had success reinforced the reputation in amongst the global oil and gas companies and brought other opportunities to the Group as an integrated services provider for the oil and gas industry in all its core business divisions. Muhibbah also involved in cranes operation and its delivered 31% of the turnover to the group in year 2006. This division achieved a major milestone in its corporate restructuring with the listing of Favelle Favco Berhad to the Second Board of Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) on 2006. The cranes segment is involved in the design, manufacture, supply, service and rental of cranes. The cranes divisions turnover significant increased further with continuing growth in offshore pedestal cranes from oil and gas companies worldwide and resurgence of strong demand for construction tower cranes. Shipyard Division The shipyard segment was contributed 11% of the group income in year 2006. This division has grown strongly and profitable over the years. The marine-ship building and ship repair segment provides ship building, ship repair, and marine-related services. Muhibbah have established good business relationships with reputable clients within the oil and gas related industry, with many repeat orders to build offshore vessels for the oil and gas industry. The continuing boom in the oil and gas industry increased the demand for offshore vessels to service the offshore platforms. This will be a good opportunity for the shipyard division to capitalise on the huge opportunities in the offshore oil and gas market for vessels. Concessions Division The concessions segment is an operator and concessionaire of airports, as well as provides operation and maintenance of roadways and bridges. The earnings for this segment are generated from Roadcare (M) S/B (Roadcare) and Societe Concessionaire de l Aeroport (SCA). SCA owns the exclusive rights for privatisation of international airports in Cambodia with concession periods up to 2040. Roadcare is principally involved in the maintenance and upgrading of roads, under a fifteen-year (15) concession period to maintain federal roads in the central states and the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

Leading, Managing and Developing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leading, Managing and Developing People - Essay Example In ensuring that leaders achieve motivation of employees, some of them use some theories that help them to understand and choose the best way to treat their employees so that they can perform well. Through moderation of the working environment, leaders achieve active participation and engagement of employees, and this improves their chances of being productive and improving the performance of the organisation in which they work. There are various ways that help leaders motivate employees until they become actively engaged in performance of duties they have in organisation and can willingly contribute to the business (Lengnick-Hall, 2011, p. 245-247). In many circumstances, organisations experiences some changes which require employees to adapt so that they remain relevant in the production system and that the organisation in which they are working may continue to be productive and profitable. This means that leaders in organisations need to have their employees equipped with relevant information that will keep them focused on accomplishment of their goals in the company. The theories of improving engagement in an organisation require influence in the behaviour, improvement of the capacity, the collective environment of working and improvement of relationships among various individuals (Lengnick-Hall, Beck). In order to attain motivation of employees and cause them to be engaged in the operation of the company in which they work, the leaders should seek to understand the behaviour patterns of the employees (Collinson, 2005, p. 1421). This is because the way employees are influenced by the environment of the company operations, in the same way; it affects the company’s operations in the course of business. This means that to achieve actively engaged employees leaders will need to establish an environment that will ensure freedom of expression of ideas and feelings of the company. Influencing the behaviour systems of the employees, leaders should focus on i mplementing strategies that will conform to the behaviour systems and contribute to the success of the company in different situations. This implies that all employees will have their own perspectives represented in the course of doing business, and they will have the freedom they need to present ideas to the leaders as well engaging actively in creative activities in the company (Collinson, 2005, p. 1421-1422). The understanding of the personalities of the employees will help leaders to choose the right method to motivate them so that they can engage themselves in the company business. For instance, understanding the way employees could respond to various issue in the society could help the leaders to implement their plans of motivation. According to McGregor theory X and Y (Green, Wu, Whitten and Medlin, 2006, p. 577), there are two perspectives of looking at the employees in an organisation i.e. as inherently lazy and needing a form of pressure to perform their duties, or as a se lf motivated and needing little or no pressure so that they can perform. Using McGregor’s theory X and Y would help leaders to treat employees in ways that they are conscious of things they ought to do and those that they could not work for them. This ensures that leaders will be able to choose the right way of motivating the employees through punishment or by giving rewards that

The Marshall MBA Prime Program Personal Statement

The Marshall MBA Prime Program - Personal Statement Example The opportunity of working in a foreign country excited me and I promptly accepted the nomination. Part of the challenge was to audit an industry I had limited knowledge about since Jordan was not a crude oil exporting country. The other would be to interact with the different cultural mentalities of our clients' multinational staff. The Audit team comprised two Senior Associates and five junior associates including myself. The flight to Tripoli was uneventful and upon arrival at our location a heterogeneous mix of people representing our client greeted us. At first I could not help but go through the motions as I shook hands and tried to keep track of the names of our hosts. As I got settled in my hotel room later that night and after a formal reception with our hosts, I was still astonished as to how many different international delicacies were offered at the dinner. The audit proper began in earnest the next morning as we set up our workstations and devices. About two-thirds of our Client's Finance department staffers were from different countries in Europe, the others being Americans, Egyptians, India nationals, Pakistanis and a few Libyans. Although most of the staffers communicated in English, some of the expatriates were quite knowledgeable in Arabic: this pleasantly surprised me. After work hours most days, we would mostly dine at the hotel or at nearby restaurants with our hosts.

Annie, Poured from Maple Syrup by Edward Ruscha Essay

Annie, Poured from Maple Syrup by Edward Ruscha - Essay Example The essay "Annie, Poured from Maple Syrup by Edward Ruscha" discovers "Annie, Poured from Maple Syrup", the painting of Edward Ruscha. Art is some form of expression of a feeling, a dream, an insight, a revelation, a suspicion or a mental picture. All these words have been applied to show the contrasting nature of art, meant to indicate that art is a complex aspect, which is not a single-dimensional perspective where everyone will look at the piece of art and immediately develop its meaning, why it was created and the message it delivers. On the contrary, art is a complex form that requires more indulgence to understand the meaning, and thus explains why it can be interpreted in very conflicting terms, because it is a matter of personal understanding and interpretation, rather than a universal knowledge. In the Annie, Poured from Maple Syrup, 1966, it is not easy to just tell what informed the creation of this work of art. While the general idea is that it is an overflow of maple syr up that develops a word, the question that arises out of it is; why Annie and not any other word? Again, the other question that counters this one is, why not Annie? The complexity in interpretation of this work of art points to the assertion by Benedetto Croce, who â€Å"denies, above all, that art is a physical fact†. Applying this assertion proves the point that this artwork is not a representation of a physical fact, since if it were, then it could be very easy for all the audience to interpret the message of the artwork.

diversity in organizations

diversity in organizations Introduction This paper aims to show a deep examination of how diversity is interpreted and wrongfully applied in many organizations today. In this essay, I would explore and discuss the term â€Å"Diversity†, its definitions, merits, demerits, its varied applications and if there is a cause and effect relationship between diversity workforce and organizational effectiveness. This essay would also show why the term diversity is remotely satisfying and elaborate on the need for a new paradigm for understanding Diversity. My study supports the principles of the Diversity theory but not its varied applications which inhibit organizational effectiveness. Diversity The term â€Å"diversity† has found its place in almost all HRM literature; the front page. Jackson et al (1993), states that â€Å"the term diversity has little history within the behavioural sciences and is not (yet) a scientific construct. Instead, it is an everyday term that sprang to life rather recently, nourished by widespread media coverage of the â€Å"managing diversity† activities that organizations are adopting in response to changing work-force demographics. Nevertheless, the body of social science research relevant to understanding the dynamics of diversity in organizations is not large, although it is widely dispersed across sub disciplines that cross reference each other nor have a common terminology† (See Friedman, 1996:67). Another interesting definition is found in Ashkanasy et al (2002) which defines diversity as a concept that â€Å"encompasses acceptance and respect. It means the understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing our individual differences. They can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs and other ideologies and the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive and nurturing environment. Diversity is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual† Allen et al (2008) asserts that diversity is a challenge and that â€Å"organizations have struggled to embrace and manage it successfully. Researchers have struggled to conceptualize and study the term effectively. Theorists predict differing effects of Diversity: that they will spark integrative insights, creativity and innovation (e.g. Finkelstein and Hambrick, 1996; Hoffman and Maier, 1961) or that they will provoke conflict, division and dissolution (e.g. Chatman, 1991; Tajfel and Turner, 1979)†. Workforce Diversity (A Critical Analysis) Structural Diversity Vs Demographic Diversity â€Å"The demographics of the workforce are changing and will continue to change rapidly. Almost every organization looks different – both in terms of who’s employed and they positions they hold, than it did ten years ago† (Sonnenschien, 1999:2). Jackson et al (1995) also asserts that the â€Å"changing work-force demographics and new organizational forms are increasing the diversity of work teams in general and decision making teams in particular. Given these environmental changes, work teams that are diverse in terms of sex, race, and ethnicity, national origin, area of expertise, organizational affiliation and many other personal characteristics are increasingly common. The changing demographics of today’s labour force, account for the increasing gender diversity, cultural diversity (including cultural differences due to race and ethnicity) and age diversity (See Kling, Hyde, Showers and Buswell, 1999; Konrad, Ritchie, Lieb and Corrigall, 2000; Roberso n and Block, 2001)†. According to Ongari and Argolla (2007) â€Å"Workforce diversity is a complex phenomenon to manage in an organization. The management of workforce diversity as a tool to increase organizational effectiveness cannot be underscored, especially with current changes sweeping across the globe. It is argued that organizations that value diversity will definitely cultivate success and have a future in this dynamic global labour market (Jain and Verma, 1996). Workforce diversity management has become an important issue for both governments and private organizations. Its importance has mainly been brought about by the free movement of labour due to globalization and the fight for human rights by certain minority groups who feel excluded from the employment sector. The workforce diversity emerged mainly to further the availability of equal opportunities in the work place. This equal opportunity philosophy is aimed at ensuring that organizational make the most out of the difference from a dive rse workforce rather than losing talent which might assist the organization to be more efficient and effective. The increased mobility and interaction of people from diverse backgrounds as a result of improved economic and political systems and the recognition of human rights by all nations has put most organizations under pressure to embrace diversity at the work place. Diversity brings with it the heterogeneity that needs to be nurtured, cultivated and appreciated as means of increasing organizational effectiveness†. A more diverse workforce according to Thomas and Ely (1996) will increase organizational effectiveness. â€Å"It would lift morale, bring greater access to new segments of the market place and enhance productivity. Yet if this is true, what then are the positive impacts of diversity? Numerous and varied initiatives to increase diversity in corporate organizations have been under way for over a decade† (Sonnenschein, 1992:49). â€Å"Rarely, however, have those efforts spurred organizational effectiveness, Instead, many attempts to increase diversity in the workplace have backfired, sometimes even heightening and hindering a company’s performance† (Tsui and Gutek, 1999). As is commonly ascribed, Riodan (2000) asserts most people assume that workforce â€Å"diversity is about increasing racial, national, gender or class representation in other words, recruiting and retaining most people from traditionally underrepresented identity groups†. Taking this commonly held supposition as a starting point, Thomas and Ely (1996) set out to investigate the link between diversity and organizational effectiveness and they found that â€Å"thinking of diversity simply in terms of identifying group representations inhibited effectiveness†. They also found that organizations usually follow â€Å"two paths in managing diversity, In the name of empathy and fairness, the organizations encourage women and people of colour to blend in or they set them apart in jobs that relate specifically to their backgrounds, assigning them, for example to areas that require them to interface with clients and customers of the same identity group†. In this kind of c ase, companies are operating on the assumption that the main virtue identity groups have to offer is knowledge of their own people. â€Å"This assumption is limited and detrimental to diversity efforts† â€Å"(See Elsass Graves, 1997; Finkelstein Hambrick, 1996; Jackson, May and Whitney, 1995; Milliken Martins, 1996; Reskin, McBrier Kmec, 1999; Shaw Barrett Power, 1998)† A recent meta-analysis of the effects of task related (e.g. tenure) and non task related (e.g. ethnic and gender) diversity, by Weber Donahue (2001) â€Å"revealed no dependable effects on organizational effectiveness, performance or cohesiveness†. Williams and O’Reilly (1998) assert that â€Å"diversity goes beyond increasing the number of different identity groups’ affiliations† in a company but that diversity should be seen and â€Å"understood as the varied perspectives and approaches to work that members of different identity groups bring†. Another argument is by Cummings (2004) which says that â€Å"effective work groups engage in external knowledge sharing- the exchange of information, know-how and feedback with customers, organizational experts and others outside the group. This paper argues that the value of external knowledge sharing increases when work groups are structurally diverse†. â€Å"A structurally diverse work group is one in which the members, by virtue of their different organizational affiliations, roles or positions, can expose the group to unique sources of knowledge. It is hypothesized that if members of structurally diverse work groups engage in external knowledge sharing, their performance will improve because of this active exchange of knowledge through unique external sources†. Cummings (2004) also assert that â€Å"scholars examining diversity in work groups have primarily focused on the consequences of demographic diversity (e.g. member differences in sex, age, or tenure) for processes such as communication, conflict, or social integration† ( See also Jehn et al, 1999, Pelled et al, 1999 and O’Reilly et al, 1989). â€Å"The consistently negative effects of demographic diversity on group processes are likely the result of heightened member emphasis on social categories rather than project relevant information. Demographic diversity should not increase the value of intra-group knowledge sharing or external knowledge sharing unless it exposes members to unique sources of knowledge related to the work† (for a review see Williams and O’Reilly. 1998). Relatively, â€Å"little attention has been given to member differences in organizational affiliations, roles or positions. With the rise in labour costs, global expansion and corporate mergers, workgroups are often used as a means for connecting members who are dispersed across different geographic locations, who represent different functions and report to different managers or who work in different business units â€Å" (DeSanctis and Monge, 1999; Jarvenpaa and Leidner, 1999; Maznevski and Chudoba, 2000). This variation in features of the group structure is introduced here as â€Å"structural diversity because of its potential to expose members to different sources of task information, know-how and feedback. Four types of structural diversity in work groups† are mentioned below as: â€Å"Geographic locations† (See Van den Bulte Moenaert, 1998), â€Å"Functional assignments† (See Bunderson Sutcliffe, 2002), â€Å"Reporting managers† (e.g. Burns, 1989) and in â€Å"Business units† (See Hansen, 2002) Another research done by Siciliano (1996) on 240 YMCA organizations, found no significant relationship between diversity and organizational effectiveness. Middleton (1987) also asserted that â€Å"diversity in any form has no impact on the operating efficiencies of an organization and diversity does not appear to influence one way or another, an organization’s tendency to perform its control function. Merits of Managing Workforce Diversity â€Å"Managing diversity can create a competitive advantage. Potential benefits of diversity include better decision making, higher creativity and innovation, greater success in marketing to foreign and domestic ethnic minority communities and a better distribution of economic opportunity† (Cox, 1991; Cox Blake, 1991). According to one study (Watson et al, 1993) â€Å"culturally diverse groups relative to homogenous groups are more effective both in the interaction process and job performance; these benefits occur after a diverse group has been put together for a period of time†. Mueller (1998) states that â€Å"as all the segments of society have a stake in the development and prosperity of society as a whole, creating and managing a diverse workforce should be seen as a social and moral imperative†. â€Å"As globalisation is increasing, diversity will help organizations to enter the international arena† (Cascio, 1998). â€Å"Diversity enhances creativi ty and innovation (Adler, 1997; Jackson et al, 1992) and produces competitive advantages (Coleman, 2002; Jackson et al, 1992)†. â€Å"Diversity teams make it possible to enhance flexibility (Fleury, 1999) and rapid response and adaptation to change (Adler, 1997’ Jackson et al, 1992)†. Organizational Challenges â€Å"Companies can succeed at diversity if the initiative to create, manage and value the diverse workforce has the full support of the top management† (Hayes, 1999; Jackson et al, 1992). Fiske, 1993 states that â€Å"for increased effectiveness and adaptation of the diversity discourse, companies have to start thinking about diversity more holistically- â€Å"as providing fresh and meaningful approaches to work and stop assuming that diversity relates simply to how a person looks or where† they are from, only then would companies reap diversity’s full rewards† and â€Å"Organizations with a diverse workforce can provide superior services because they can better understand customers’ needs (Weitling Palma-Rivas, 2000). Hiring women, minorities, disabled, etc will help organizations to tap into these niche markets (Mueller, 1998) and diversified market segments† (Fleury, 1999). Jackson et al (1995) state that â€Å"the business economy has received much recent attention, with trade barriers are removed and competition intensifies, many companies are beginning to expand their operations in order to take advantage of foreign labour and consumer markets. For smaller companies, foreign activities may be limited to a single joint venture or to offshore production or distribution systems that involve one or two other countries. For larger corporations, foreign offices may be in over one hundred different countries (See Fulkerson Schuler, 1992). The presence of international affiliations, although not inevitable, is likely to lead eventually to the formation of teams of people with diverse cultural backgrounds, including management teams, design teams, operation teams and marketing teams (Adler Ghadar, 1991; Kanter, 1991; Von Glinow Mohrman, 1990) of which engage in decision making activities† â€Å"Theories and techniques of diversity management have been developed and enthusiastically supported by a growing number of chief executives, training specialists, diversity consultants and academics† (Saji, 2004)). Diversity can improve organizational effectiveness. â€Å"Organizations that develop experience in and reputations for managing diversity will likely attract the best personnel (Carrel et al, 2000). â€Å"Diversity requires a type of organizational culture in which each employee can pursue his or her career aspirations without being intimidated by gender, race, nationality, religion or other factors that are irrelevant to performance† (Bryan. 1999). Managing diversity means â€Å"enabling the diverse workforce to perform its full potential in an equitable work environment, where no one group has an advantage or disadvantage† (Torres Bruxelles, 1992). â€Å"Diversity in the workplace can be a competitive advantage because differing viewpoints can facilitate unique and creative approaches to problem-solving, thereby increasing creativity and innovation, which in turn leads to better organizational performance† (Allen et al, 2004). â€Å"For example, in Botswana, the society is becoming multicultural due to the increasing migrant population and their descendants. For organizations, this means that their market share, efficiency. â€Å"Human capital, international competitiveness and level of innovation will depend on their ability to effectively manage a diverse workforce both within and across organizational boundaries† (Barker Hartel, 2004; Dass Parker, 1996; Kandola et al, 1995; Strauss Mang, 1999)† Conclusions Jackson (2003) â€Å"In today’s business environment, work teams are becoming more common and more diverse, intensifying the importance of understanding the dynamics of work- team diversity. Of particular importance, is diversity within decision making teams. Organizations are rapidly restructuring to take advantage of the potential benefits of diverse decision making teams are worth the risk (or can be successfully avoided). Many of the specific assets and liabilities of work teams arise directly out of diversity†. Despite various intensive efforts to measure diversity and predict its outcomes, Jackson (2003) asserts â€Å"many literature offer few conclusive findings about the effects of diversity in the workplace. Lack of a common paradigm will make it difficult to accumulate comparable findings over time, while agreement around some issues could accelerate our ability to learn from previous accumulated evidence. One useful element that could be suggested could be a common paradigm; it would be for researchers to agree to a common theme or definition of diversity which would in turn lead to less confusion about this concept† (See also Carroll Harrison, 1998; Bedeian Mossholder, 2000). Jackson (2003) affirms that â€Å"Pettigrew (1998) used a very different approach to developing a blueprint for enabling organizational effectiveness. Based on a comprehensive review of a large body of research conducted in a variety of settings, Pettigrew identified the conditions needed to reduce intergroup bias and its negative consequence and described several processes that could be engaged to create these conditions. To the extent an origination’s diversity initiatives support these processes, they would encourage the development of positive intergroup relations, employee commitment, improved productivity and increased organizational effectiveness (See also Gaertner et al, 2000) and they are: Learning about the other group(s) was one key process identified by Pettigrew, Inaccurate stereotypes resist change for a variety of reasons but inaccurate stereotypes can be modified if people receive sufficient disconfirming evidence. Such learning is often the objective of diversity awareness training. Behavioural Change is the second key process that is needed to promote positive intergroup relations. Engaging repeatedly in positive behaviour with members of a work team can lead to long term attitudinal change towards members. Providing training in the behavioural competencies needed to work effectively in organizations characterized by diversity is one way to encourage people to engage in positive behaviour towards work group members Creating positive emotions associated with the work group is the third key process. For example, mentoring programs may encourage the development of intergroup friendships. The value of personal friendships may help explain the apparent success of informal mentoring programs†. In conclusion, it seems likely that active diversity management will be required in order for organizations to comprehend the potential benefits locked up within their diverse work forces and as such organizations must put in place strategies to enhance workforce diversity. â€Å"Research based principles for achieving these benefits and minimising potential losses have been offered. Some organizations are undoubtedly experimenting with practises that are consistent with these principles† Jackson et al (1995). By the end of this decade, perhaps another review of diversity will yield useable suggestions for how to create a sustainable and effective organizational condition called for by Pettigrew’s analysis. References Allen, R.S., Dawson, G., Wheatley, K and White, C.S. (2008) â€Å"Perceived Diversity and Organizational Performance† Employee Relations, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 20-33. Ashkanasy, N.M., Hartel, C.E.J. and Dass, C.S (2002) â€Å"Diversity and Emotion: The New Frontiers in Organizational Behaviour Research† Journal of Management, Vol. 28, pp. 307-338. Barker, S. and Hartel C.E.J (2004) â€Å"Intercultural service encounter: An exploratory study of customer experiences† Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 11(1) pp. 3-14. Bedian, A.G and Mossholder, K.W (2000) â€Å"On the use of the coefficient of variations as a measure of diversity† Organizational research Methods, Vol. 3: 285-297. Bryan J.H (1999) â€Å"The diversity Imperative† Executive Excellence, pp6 Bunderson, J.S and Sutcliffe K.M (2002) â€Å"Comparing alternative conceptualizations of functional diversity in management teams: process and performance effects† Academy of Management Journal, 45:875-893 Carroll, G.R and Harrison, J.R (1998) â€Å"Organizational demography and culture: insights from a former model and simulation† Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 43:637-667 Cascio, W.F (1998) â€Å"Managing Human Resources Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits†, McGraw Hill, Boston, MA Cox T Blake S. (1991) â€Å"Managing Cultural Diversity: Implications for Organizational Competitiveness† The Academy of Management Executive, August. Cox T (1991) â€Å"The multicultural organization† the academy of management executive, May Cummings J (2004), Work groups, structural diversity, and knowledge sharing in a global organization, Management Science, Vol. 50 pp.352 364. Cummings, J. N. Cross, R. (2003) â€Å"Structural Properties of Work Groups and their Consequences for Performance† Social Networks, Vol. 25 (3), 197-210. Dass, P Parker B (1999) â€Å"Strategies for managing human resource diversity: from resistance to learning† Academy of Management Executive, vol. 13: 68-80 Elsass, P.M Graves L.M (1997) â€Å"Demographic diversity in decision making groups: The experiences of women and people of colour† Academy of Management review, Vol 22: 946-973 Ely R.J Thomas D.A (2001) â€Å"Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes† Administrative Science Quarterly, vol 46: 229-273. Fiske, S. (1993) â€Å"Social Cognition and Social Perception† in Rozenwig M.R L.W Porter (Eds) Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 44:155-194. Pato Alto, CA: Annual Reviews Inc. Friedman, R.A (1996) â€Å"Defining the scope and logic of minority and female network groups: can separation enhance integration?† Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, vol. 14: 307-349 Fleury, 1999 Gaertner S.L, Dovidio, J.F, Banker B.S, Houlette, M, Johnson K.M and Mc Glynn, E.A (2000) â€Å"Reducing intergroup conflict: From super ordinate goals to categorization, recategorization and mutual differentiation† Group dynamics: Theory, Research and practise, Vol 4: 98-114. Hayes, E. (1999) â€Å"Winning at Diversity† Executive Excellence pp.9 Klein, K. J. Harrison, D. A. (2007) â€Å"On the diversity of diversity: Tidy logic, messier realities† Academic of Management Perspectives, 21(4): 26-33. Jackson, B.W, La Fasto, F, Schultz, H.G, Kelly, D (1992) â€Å"Diversity† Human Resource Management, vol 31,pp.21-34 Jackson, S.E, Joshi, A and Erhardt, N.L (2003) â€Å"Recent Research in Team and Organizational Diversity: SWOT analysis and Implications† Journal of Management, vol. 29, No. 6, pp.801-830. Jackson, S.E, May, K.E Whitney, K. (1995) â€Å"Under the dynamics of diversity in decision making teams† in Guzzo, A Salas, E. (Eds) Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations, pp. 204-261. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Jackson, S.E, Stone, V.K Alvarez, E.B (1993) â€Å"Socialization amidst diversity: impact of demographics on work team old timers and newcomers† Research in Organizational Behaviour, Vol. 15: 45-111. Jehn, K.A, Northcraft, G.B Neale, M.A (1999) â€Å"Why differences make a difference: a field study in diversity, conflict and performance in workgroups† Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.44, pp. 741-763. Kandola, R, Fullerton, J and Ahmed, Y (1995) â€Å"Managing diversity: succeeding where equal opportunities have failed† Equal Opportunities Review, 59:31-36. Kling, K.C, Hyde J.S, Showers, C.J Buswell, B.N (1999) â€Å"Gender differences in self esteem: A Meta-analysis† Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 125:470-500 Konrad, A.M, Ritchie, J.E, Lieb, J.R Corrigall, E (2000) â€Å"Sex differences and similarities in job attribute preferences: A Meta-analysis† Psychological bulletin, 126:593-641 Milliken, F.J Martins, L.L (1996) â€Å"Searching for common threads: understanding the multitude effects of diversity in organizational groups† Academy of management review, 21: 402-433 Ongori, H and Argolla, J.E (2007) â€Å"Critical review of literature on Workforce Diversity† African journal of Business Management, pp. 72-76 Pelled, L.H, Eisenhardt, K .M Xin, K.R (1999) â€Å"Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict and performance† Administrative Science Quarterly, 44:1-28. Pettigrew, T.F (1998) â€Å"Intergroup Contact Theory† Annual Review of Psychology, 49:65-85 Reskin B.F, McBrier, M Kmec, J.A (1999) â€Å"The determinants and consequences of workplace sex and race composition† Annual Review of sociology, Vol 25:335-362 Riordan, C.M (2000) â€Å"Relational demography within groups: past developments, contradictions and new directions† Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, Vol 19:131-174 Roberson, L, Kulik, C.T and Pepper, M.B (2001) â€Å"Designing effective diversity training: influence of group composition and trainee experience† Journal of Organizational Behaviour , vol. 22: 871-885 Shaw, J.B Barrett-Power, E (1998) â€Å"The effects of diversity on small work group processes and performance† Human Relations, Vol 51: 1307-1325. Strauss, P, Mang, J (1999) â€Å"Culture shocks in inter-cultural service encounter?† Journal of Services Marketing, vol 4, no 5 pp.329-346 Sonnenschein, W. (1992) â€Å"The diversity toolkit: how you can build and benefit from a diverse workforce† Contemporary Publishing Company, USA. Thomas, D.A Ely, R.D (1996) â€Å"Making differences matter: A new paradigm for managing diversity† Harvard Business Review. Sep/Oct: 79-90 Torres, C, Bruxelles, M (1992) â€Å"capitalizing on global diversity† HM Magazine, pp.30-33 Tsui, A.S Gutek, B.A (1999) â€Å"Demographic differences in organizations† Lanham, MD: Lexington Books Watson, W.E, Kumar, K, Michaelsen, L (1993) â€Å"Cultural diversity’s impact on interaction process and performance: comparing homogenous diverse task groups† Academy of Management Journal, 36(3) pp.590-602. Webber, S.S Donahue L.M (2001) â€Å"Impact of highly and less job-related diversity on work group cohesion and performance: A Meta-analysis† Journal of management, vol 27: 141-162. Wentling, R.M, Palma-Rivas, N (2000) â€Å"Current status of diversity initiatives in selected multinational cooperations† human resource Development Quarterly, 11(1) pp.35-60 Willaims, K.Y O’Reilly, C.A (1998) â€Å"Demography and Diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research† in BM Staw Cummings LL (Eds), Research in Organizational Behaviour, Vol. 20: 77-140, www.springerlink.com/content/h2j1304710738k50/ [accessed on 10.4.09] www.adc-assoc.com/the%20Business%20Case%20for%20Diversity [accessed on 30.04.09] www.sns.se/forskning/valfard/migration/occpap86.pdf [accessed on 24.04.09]

Symbols and Symbolism in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Symbo

Thesis Statement and Outline Thesis Statement: Nathaniel Hawthorne used symbolism to bring meaning into his book "The Scarlet Letter." I. Symbolism A. Definition B. Style II. Symbolism in characters A. Hester B. Dimmesdale C. Chillingworth D. Pearl III. Symbolism in objects A. The scarlet letter B. The scaffold C. The forest D. The brook IV. Symbolic relations between characters and objects A. Characters and the scarlet letter B. Characters and the scaffold C. Pearl and the forest Nathaniel Hawthorne used symbolism to bring meaning into his book "The Scarlet Letter." Generally speaking, a symbol is something that is used to stand for something else. In literature, it is most often a concrete object which is used to represent something more abstract and broader in scope and meaning. Symbols can range from the most obvious substitution of one thing for another to creations as massive, complex, and perplexing as Melville's white whale in Moby Dick ( Dibble, p. 77 ). In The Scarlet Letter the symbols and the ingredients of the story come together "in a seamless unity in which each manifestation of the letter illuminates an aspect of the characters' or the community's evolving experience ( Brodhead, p. 159 ) . In Hawthorne's use of symbols in The Scarlet Letter, we observe the author making one of his most distinctive and significant contributions to the growth of American fiction. Indeed this novel is usually regarded as the first symbolic novel to be published in the United States ( Dibble, p. 77 ) . Hawthorne attempts to spread a revelation into imagined characters and scenes, to transfer the realization of the symbols into a warmth that will animate the entire... ...troit, Gale Research Inc., 1993, p. 194 Martin, Terence, Twayne's United States Authors Series Nathaniel Hawthorne, New York, Twayne Publishers, 1965, pp. 114, 115, 119, 127 Matthiessen, F.O., "The Scarlet Letter," Critics on Hawthorne, Readings in Literary Criticism: 16, Coral Gables, University of Miami Press, 1972, pp. 82, 85 Matthiessen, F.O., Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Halls Inc., 1968, p. 57 Waggoner, Hyatt H., "Nathanial Hawthorne," Six American Novelists of the Nineteenth Century, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1969, pp. 47, 69, 73, 85 Waggoner, Hyatt H., "The Scarlet Letter," Hawthorne, Cambridge, The Belknap Press, 1963, pp. 126, 127, 139, 143 SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on The Scarlet Letter.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2003. Web. 30 Apr. 2015.  

US Current Account Deficit

According to Peterson Institute for International Economics, the Current Account Deficit of the United States is now at the highest point it has ever reached, nearing $800 billion. This situation is not financially sustainable because in accounting terms it demands that the US economy must import about $4 billion every working day to offset the deficit. The deficit is definitely a problem for the economy because it has to be addressed both economically and politically.The two factors, economics and politics go hand in hand and the relationship between the two factors is directly proportional meaning that when politics are generally tranquil, the economy grows and vice versa. To be able to address the deficit a combination of well orchestrated measures must be taken thus: – i) The first measure is rather obvious and it dictates a sizable reduction in the US budget expenditure.Money guzzlers like the protracted wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have to be contained. ii) The second me asure is an expansion of demand for domestic US products in other economies particularly other major economies for faster results. Along with this expansion, the US has to reduce its dependence on imports particularly oil whose price fluctuations have a negative effect on the US economy. iii) The third measure is a technical gradual and substantial realignment of currency exchange rates.A cheaper dollar would stimulate exports which would in turn earn the US the much needed foreign exchange. One handicap with this measure is that other major economies like China and the Oil Producing States have to allow the dollar to fall further against their currencies an act which is not probable. This is because of the less than amiable relations between the US and the other economies. Simply put, these nations might not be very willing to bail the US out.

Owing to vs Due to

Owing to vs Due to Owing to vs Due to Owing to vs Due to By Maeve Maddox Steve Campbell asks for a post on â€Å"the choice between due to and owing to. There was a time that I felt very strongly about the difference between due to and owing to, zealously correcting misuse in student papers. After all, one of my most esteemed authorities, H.W. Fowler, has this to say in Modern English Usage: Under the influence of ANALOGY, due to is often used by the illiterate as though it had passed, like owing to, into a mere compound preposition. He gives such examples as these of due to being used incorrectly: The old trade union movement is a dead horse, largely due to the incompetency of the leaders. Rooks, probably due to the fact that they are so often shot at, have a profound distrust of man. The perceived error is that due to must be attached to a noun and not, says Fowler, to a notion extracted from a sentence . . . it is not the horse, [or] the distrust of the rooksthat are due, but the failure of the movement, the distrust of the rooks . . . Even now, I reach for an index card when I hear the local weatherman say, â€Å"The road is closed due to flooding.† Then I remind myself that the difference between due to and owing to is as much a dead horse as the â€Å"old trade union movement† in Fowler’s example. For those who wish to go on beating the horse, due to is adjectival and owing to is adverbial. The road was closed owing to flooding. For the road to be due to anything, it would have to be something that influenced the existence of the road: The road was due to the efforts of local citizens who voted to raise taxes for its construction. Here are two more examples for the sake of comparison: His accident was due to excessive alcohol consumption. His accident occurred owing to the fact that he was talking on his cell phone. For most English speakers due to and owing to have become interchangeable. Trying to preserve a distinction between them is pointless. I’d rather direct my energy to the defense of â€Å"I† as a subject pronoun. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsCaptain vs. Master

How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included) If you’ve been a receptionist before, you know that this can be a highly demanding position. You’re expected to be sunny, friendly, and able to manage whatever comes your way as you answer phones, greet guests, provide information, manage appointments, etc. You may also be expected to handle any number of tasks throughout the office. It’s a role that requires a lot of finesse and people skills, and great organization to boot. As a potential receptionist, you want your resume to make sure that these qualities shine through. You find receptionists in every industry and just about every company, so let’s look at three sample resumes from receptionists in different industries: one just starting out in a corporate environment, a legal receptionist, and a medical receptionist. first up is candace, who is seeking a receptionist position to boost her administration skills and experience.Download this resume in Microsoft WordCandace Jones 567 Cantwell Avenue, Apt. 4dPittsburgh, PA 74747 candacejones@emaildomain.comSeeking to support Bryant Financial Management as a receptionist with strong communication and organizational skills.Key skillsInterpersonal skills:Professional, friendly demeanor on the phone, via email, and in personDependable and punctualCustomer serviceTaking initiative to accomplish what needs to be doneProblems)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)

The specific factors of the Turkish culture Dissertation

The specific factors of the Turkish culture - Dissertation Example 1.0 INTRODUCTION Career counselling is a challenging field that has to take in view each and every aspect that may or may not affect the personal abilities, potential and aptitude of subjects’ lives. A Career is a notion that needs much thought and planning before jumping in the arena as the financial and economic health as well as the physical and mental satisfaction of a person highly depends upon it. Thus, when the high time comes, and one is referred to a career counsellor, then the person is actually considering his future seriously. A counsellor can provide with an impartial and objective view of one’s own possibilities as well as some certain profitable ways to utilize them so that one may not plunge into something to regrets later. However, everything is not determined by personal choices and skills. There are other factors, more affective and powerful, that have to be considered before taking such an important decision of one’s life. A career counsellor has the responsibility to point out these factors to the subjects elaborately. These factors include the usual business fields offered in the convenient area, the availability of the needed education and training facilities, the usual trends and the possibility of the availability of vacant posts in future in that particular field, and also an acceptance from the society. The researcher thinks that the last factor affect much as it hold the power of cultural norms, traditions and customs in which the subject has lived for quite a while, and certainly the chosen profession must have to come in terms with the cultural acceptance and proposals. 1.1 BACKGROUND Culture occupies... Culture occupies a central role in a person’s life. It affects a man externally as well as internally as he grows living in it. Thus, when a man reaches his prime he is a walking embodiment of his culture. Therefore it is believed that the culture plays an important role in every important decision of his life, including the career selection. The researcher has selected to apply personal beliefs on Turkish individuals. Turkey is a country with extraordinarily rich culture. Due to it being rapidly developing and consequently continuously changing possibilities, its culture is accepting new and advanced norms. However, the researcher believes that there are still some factors that do not allow the U-turns in the selection of careers. It has been noted that this is the thing particularly in the case of female subjects. Being the symbol of beauty and delicacy, it had always been a predetermined notion that they cannot take part in laborious works. The researcher has also noted that there are some cultural restrictions other than their own will that does not allow them to go for these jobs. Also, there are some indications that male members of the society also face some societal expectations that bound them to select from a particular set of careers. The idea is to investigate these matters more elaborately and objectively so that cultural reasons for these sorts of limited choices can be figured out. Thus, the researcher has aimed this study to the elucidate the problems that a young student faces when he or she passes out of the college.

Investment Assignment Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Investment Assignment Report - Essay Example There are a set of rule governing how trades and investors choose the varying available security options in the stock market. Our strategy is exemplified in this paper because of the decision to apply the gainer part. For the momentum strategy, my choice was Voltari Corp. Applying the first trading principle, â€Å"avoid dealing in stocks reporting above or within the 52 week high†, the decision to invest in APC indicates that this trading principle was correctly followed. Purchasing stocks of Voltari Corp. in its 52-week high stood at $3.60. The second trading principle-choose stocks recording a minimum of 1,000,000 shares in the daily trade volumes, in addition to avoiding stocks recording daily volumes of trade below 100,000 shares-the decision to buy Voltari Corp. stocks comply with the second trading principle. Voltari Corp. stocks recorded 3 million shares in its average 3-month trading volume. The third trading principle illustrates the need to avoid mid-and-cap stocks (stocks recording values less than $5 billion). This principle does not conform well to Voltari Corp.; its stock falls in small-cap stock category with $16.91 million in market capitalization value. Finally, the fourt h trading principle indicates that an individual should choose stocks signified by analysts opinions rated closer to or above one (1). This is an indication of better performance in the future compared to opinions that are above or within the range of Five (5). The fourth rules also states that stocks recording negative trends or without significant changes in weekly consensus figures also need to be avoided. The â€Å"snapshot† tool available in Market Watch do not show the average recommendation from the analysts for Voltari Corp. generally, most stocks in the financial market have an average recommendation of ‘buy’. Consequently, the trend is projected to move towards the lower facet of the statistical ranking, with twenty-three

Dishonesty in the law of crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dishonesty in the law of crime - Essay Example This research aims to evaluate and present dishonesty in the law of crime. a defendant can be deemed to have acted dishonestly if he knows that his doing is dishonest from the perspective of ordinary people. The use of this criterion, whereby honesty is determined by the standards of honest and reasonable people, can be criticised since it can lead to inconsistency given that various juries can reach different decisions on similar cases. Williams states that given the low levels of self-discipline that is prevailing in the society, he advises that the query of dishonesty should not be left to the jury. Therefore, the ghosh test has its basis on the assumption that there is a single standard of honesty that is universal and members of the society that are thinking right are the ones who hold it. This standard is seen to be so high that it can place a line between what is honest and what is unlawful (dishonest). The satisfactory and workable test about dishonesty should specify when co nduct is to be viewed as dishonest. Conduct should be viewed as dishonest if the one finding facts decides that reasonable and ordinary people would view the conduct as dishonest. This test is a fully objective assessment of dishonesty that is criminal and it contradicts the ghosh test to some extent, but it retains a little reference to the ordinary standards of the community. An individual is guilty of theft if he appropriates another person’s property dishonestly and intends to keep it away from him or her permanently. (Clarkson 87). It is not material whether this appropriation takes place for the gain of the thief. This act does not give the definition of dishonesty; instead, it only gives some specific situations where an individual is considered as not dishonest (Williams and Waller 157). The Ghosh Test of Dishonesty This is the current test for dishonesty, it is a test brought forward by the court of appeal, and is a two-stage objective/substantive test (Molan 17). Th is test is somewhat good because the decision as to whether the accused is guilty or not is left for the jury. The ghosh test has a number of criticisms because in this world there is no single standard of honesty held by the reasonable people of the society. Justices Toohey and Gaudron also criticised Ghosh as having practical problems. They also felt that, not all offences involving dishonesty were similar (Haplin 97). Subsequently, there is a need for the judge conducting the trial to stipulate the clear explicit meaning of dishonest to the jury. This is a peculiar test for dishonest

The pioneer experiences Essay Example for Free

The pioneer experiences Essay The western migration of the mid-nineteenth century was a time of uncertainty for America.   It was also a time of excitement because of the new adventures that awaited Americans.   Although western migration was difficult, many chose to undertake it because they wanted a new life, riches, and a chance to own their own land.   There was also a religious aspect, as some people moved to be missionaries to the Native Americans and to form new churches and religions. The pioneer experiences of men and women differed in several ways.    This is evidenced by the writings of Lydia Allen Rudd and Elizabeth Dixon Smith Geer.   Elizabeth talked about constant rain and carrying two children through the mud and water.   She also talked about looking for shelter for her sick husband and watching him deteriorate.   She also writes about how the children had great responsibilities such as driving cattle and oxen. Elizabeth talks incessantly of the impossibility of cooking or staying warm and dry.   Much of this has to do with when she and her family chose to travel.   She also writes that with her husband ill, â€Å"the whole care of everything falls upon [her] shoulders (Geer 1847).† This contrasts sharply with Lydia Allen Rudd.   Though in her account there is rain, she remains upbeat, sharing the soaring vistas and her experiences with the Native Americans.   All is not grand, however.   She speaks of seeing the graves of men and women having died of measles and cholera.   Her diary tells of reaching Salem, Oregon, and also Burlington.   There, they are successful in finding both employment and housing for the winter (1852). Men, on the other hand, saw much more violence in their lives.   In looking at Edward Gould Buffum’s account of life in the gold mines, he tells of the â€Å"trial† of five men who were consequently lashed, and three of those men who were tried for attempted murder and robbery.   A jury found the men guilty. Buffum notes that â€Å"the charges against them were well substantiated, but amounted to nothing more than an attempt at robbery and murder; no overt act being even alleged (1850).†Ã‚   The sentence was death by hanging, and they were hanged that very day.   Such was frontier justice.   Buffum even protested against the mens’ death sentence, but stopped when the mob threatened to hang him. Government played a huge role in encouraging and supporting westward migration.   This was accomplished by the Homestead Act of 1862.   It took affect on the first of January of 1863.   It gave anyone twenty one or older who is a citizen or intended to become a citizen, and â€Å"who had never borne arms against the United States Government or given aid and comfort to its enemies† entitlement to land at $1.25 per acre, so long as the claim did not exceed a hundred sixty acres. The only thing the person had to do was swear out an affidavit that they were the head of household, or is twenty one, or given service in the US armed forces, never borne arms against the US and never given aid or comfort to its enemies.   The person also had to hold the land for five years. The idea of Manifest Destiny fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers.   Though the road was tough, the rewards were great, as many people made their fortunes in the west.   Manifest Destiny, or the idea that America had a God-given right to all of North America did fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers.   It did not, however, respect the culture of the Native Americans.   Native Americans were forced to move from ancestral lands, and some began to assimilate.   This was largely due to the amount of missionaries that moved from the east to Oregon. Their goal was to â€Å"civilize† the â€Å"savage† Native Americans.There was, however, a place where the Americans and the Native Americans came together without argument.   That place was called Middle Ground.   It was a place where Native Americans and Americans came together for trade.   Manifest Destiny also affected communications.   Mail traveled over a route known as the Butterfield Trail. This trail between Saint Louis and SanFrancisco took two weeks for mail to travel it.   This helped to foster the development of the Pony Express.   It ran for eighteen months and used relays of young riders to move mail slightly faster than traditional mail.   Many went to Oregon and California to seek their fortunes and establish new lives. Sometimes, this involved religious differences.   The Mormons for example, moved because they were not accepted in either New York or Illinois.   In the two female accounts that were discussed, the women moved with their families to seek a new life in Oregon.   In the account of Edward Gould Buffum, he had spent six months in the California gold mines. Even Horace Greely got into the idea of Manifest Destiny, advocating for a transcontinental railroad as a way to facilitate communication and transportation to the new territories.   He also talks about the need for education and â€Å"virtuous women (Greely, 1860).†    Additionally, he discusses the need for the families of the men in California to have their families.   He feels settlement would again be facilitated by a transcontinental railroad.   Families would move with their men, and more families would be willing to move out west on the comfort of the trains, rather than take the wagon trains through the uncertain weather.   The growth of towns showed that people were taking the idea of Manifest Destiny seriously.   The mass migration of immigrants to California numbered 80,000, and the city of San Francisco grew from 848 to an astonishing 60,000. The pioneer experiences and Manifest Destiny walked hand in hand through history.   Manifest Destiny’s goal of taking over the continent combined with the curiosity of the American Pioneer.   Their experiences helped forever shape the new America.   The United States Government helped by passing the Homestead Act, which encouraged people to settle in the new territories.   Though their experiences were different, collectively, men and women helped shape a new America full of new challenges and new rewards. Bibliography 37th Congress, Homestead Act of 1862. 1862.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3125072- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Bauer, William J.. Dismantling Indian Country in the Nineteenth Century. History: Reviews of New Books 36, no. 2 (2008): 49-52. Buffum, Edward. Six Months in the Gold Mines. 1850.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124634- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Geer, Elizabeth. Journal. 1847. 1848.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124638- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Graulich, Melody. Review of West of Emerson: The Design of Manifest Destiny. Amercan   Literature 76, no. 3 (2004): 617-619. Greely, Horace. An Overland Journey. 1860.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124701- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). OSullivan, John. The Great Nation of Futurity. http://wpscms.pearsoncmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124755- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Rudd, Lydia. Diary of Westward Travel 1852. 1852.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124798- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009).

Intrinsic motivation Essay -- essays papers

Intrinsic motivation Young children are compelled to learn because of their natural curiosity in life. Older children seem to need a push in the direction to learn. This describes the two types of motivation. Intrinsic motivation describes the young child. It is motivation from within and the desire someone feels to complete a task, including natural curiosity. Intrinsic motivation is anything we do to motivate ourselves without rewards from an outside source. â€Å"In relation to learning, one is compelled to learn by a motive to understand, originating from their own curiosity† (Rehmke-Ribary, 2003 p.intrinsic). There are different things a teacher can do to trigger this type of motivation in students. â€Å"Some examples of intrinsic rewards are task completion, feedback or result, acquisition of knowledge or skills, and a sense of mastery† (Witzel, 2003 p.88). When intrinsic motivation is mastered in a student, extrinsic motivation becomes null. This student will now be motivated to do things for his or herself without the presence of a tangible reward. This child will have much hope for success in the future. Extrinsic motivation When a student needs that extra boost to do well in school, many times this student becomes engaged for a tangible reward of some type. This describes extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is the will to do something based on encouragement from an outside source. This type of motivation is said to not be productive for the future. Many times, teachers use extrinsic motivation in the classroom. It may be productive for that class, but the student will continue to have problems with motivation in the future. When a child completes a task or behavior based solely on a reward, t... .../cet/TAs/nuggets/sec2_4.html Nancy E. Perry, Karen O. VandeKamp, Louise K. Mercer, Carla J. Nordby. Investigating Teacher-Student Interactions That Foster Self-Regulated Learning. Educational Psychologist, Volume 37, Number 1 (March 1, 2002) Retrieved from the web on May 5, 2003 http://ernesto.ingentaselect.com/vl=2593702/cl=45/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/catchword/erlbaum/00461520/v37n1/s2/p5_s.pdf Tubman, Jonathan G. The Influence of Parental and Peer Attachment On College Students’ Academic Achievement. Psychology in the Schools, Vol. 39(5), 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience. Retrieved from the web on May 5, 2003 at http://download.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=97517456&PLACEBO=IE.pdf&mode=pdf Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary Online. 2003. Retrieved from the web on May 5, 2003 at http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary

A Comprehensive Study on Banks Essay

Every business needs funds for two purposes for its establishment and to carry out its day-to-day operations. Long terms funds are required to create production facilities through purchase of fixed assets such as plant and machinery, land, building, etc. Investments in these assets represent that part of firm’s capital which is blocked on permanent or fixed basis and is called fixed capital. Funds are also needed for short-term purpose for the purchase of raw material, payment of wages and other day-to-day expenses etc. These funds are known as working capital. In simple terms, working capital refers to that part of the firm’s capital which is required for financing short-term of current assets such as cash, marketable securities, debtors & inventories. Funds, thus, invested in current assets keep revolving fast and are being constantly converted into cash and this cash flow out again in exchange for other current assets. Hence, it is also known as revolving or circulat ing capital or short term capital. 1) Jeng-Ren, C. & Cheng, L. (2006) in their article, â€Å"Determinants of working capital† investigate the determinants of working capital management. This study investigates the relation of business indicator and management of short-term capital from the perspective of a firm’s working capital management, which traditionally is rated by current ratio, quick ratio, and net working capital.The authors have used net liquid balance and working capital requirements as measures of a company’s working capital management. Results indicate that the debt ratio and operating cash flow affect the company’s working capital management, and how it influences the business cycle, industry effect, growth of the company, performance of the company and firm size. From the data it can be seen that companies could maintain relatively loose capital management during the prosperous period (1999-2000), when capital was readily available in the market. When the economy slumped dramatically at the end of 2000, financial institutions began to tighten their capital policies, forcing companies to gradually operate a looser policy in workin g capital management. The regression results show the company has to operate a looser working capital management policy in times of recession, as it is not easy to raise capital from outside the firm, so more liquid assets are kept to maintain a relatively higher NLB. The authors conclude that debt ratio and operating cash flow evaluated by both WCR and NLB exert influence on working capital management. 2) Harris, A. (2005) conducted a study â€Å"Working capital management: difficult, but rewarding†. It focuses on the different requirements and the important role that human beings play in the working capital management process. There are various important steps that need to be met in order for them to manage their short term needs primiarily. The author compares Working Capital Management in theory and practice. Internal considerations – such as organizational structure, shared systems, autonomous business units, multinational operations and even information technology can impact working ca pital. The author also stresses on the importance of proper forecasting for efficient Working Capital Management. 3) Filbeck, G. & Krueger, T. (2005) in their article, â€Å"An Analysis of Working Capital Management Results Across Industries,† find that all industries use different modes of working capital managament techniques for their functioning. Even their techniques change over time. Industry factors may impact firm credit policy, inventory management, and bill-paying activities. Some firms may be better suited to minimize receivables and inventory, while others maximize payables. Given everything the importance of working capital cannot be ignored and its reticfication to cope with the changing environment should be the main focus of the company. 4) Pimplapure, V. & Kulkarni, P. (2011) conducted a study, â€Å"Working Capital Management: Impact of Profitability†. A firm can be very profitable, but if this is not rendered into cash from operations within the same operating cycle, the firm would need to borrow to support its continued working capital needs. For this study various statistical tools such as correlation and multiple regressions can be used. These tools are used to understand the direct impact of working capital on the profitablity of the firm. 5) Erasmus, P. (2010) in his article, â€Å"Working capital management and profitability: The relationship between the net trade cycle and return on assets,† states that, efficient working capital management should contribute to the creation of shareholder value. This study investigates the relationship between working capital management and firm profitability. Based on the results of the study done in this article, it would appear that management could attempt to improve firm profitability by decreasing the overall investment in net working capital. There is an indirect relationship between the two this is also proved in the article, â€Å"Working Capital Management: Impact of Profitability.† Regarding the normal operations of a firm, working capital management attracts less attention than capital budget and capital structure in financial management. Working capital management relates to the source and application of short-term capital. When working capital is managed improperly, allocating more than enough of it will render management non-efficient and reduce the benefits of short-term investment. On the other hand, if working capital is too low, the company may miss profitable investment opportunities or suffer short-term liquidity crises, leading to degradation of company credit, as it cannot respond effectively to temporary capital requirements. We cannot dimiss the importance of the working capital management in the working of a successful enterprise. 6) Singh, P. (2008) conducted a study titled, â€Å"Inventory and Working Capital Management: An Empirical Analysis†. The importance of working capital management is due to two reasons: (i) a substantial portion of the investment is invested in current assets, and (ii) level of current assets will change quickly, with the variation in sales. Hence, in this study, an attempt has been made to analyze the size and composition of working capital and whether such an investment has increased or declined over a period. We need to first determine the requirement of current assets, one of the important tasks of the financial manager is to select a group of appropriate sources of finance for the current assets. Normally, the excess of current assets over current liabilities should be financed by the long-term sources. It is not possible to find out precisely which long-term sources has been used to finance current assets, but it can be examined as to what proportion of current assets has been financed by long-term funds. Therefore, this article tries to carry out a study in this regard. Inventory is one of the major components of current assets, which requires huge investments. The main purpose of carrying inventory is to uncouple the operation, to make each function of the firm independent of the other functions, so that delay in one area does not affect the production and sales activities. As the shutting down of the production results in increased costs and delay in the delivery can result in loosing the customers, inventory management assumes significance in any firm and it is of great concern to any financial manager. Any firm would like to hold higher inventory. This will enable the firm to be more flexible in supply and find ease in its production schedule. Most of the customers may require immediate help in meeting their demands. However, there is always a cost involved in the inventories. This cost includes the capital cost of the stock and the cost of storing and carrying. Inventories are the assets of the firm and as such, they represent an investment. As such investments require a commitment of funds, managers must ensure that the firm maintains inventories at the correct level. If they become too large, the firm loses the opportunities to employ those funds more effectively. Similarly, if they are too small, the firm may lose sales. Therefore, it is better to maintain an optimum level of inventories that is needed in an organization. While analyzing working capital, it is important to analyze the various components of working capital especially inventory, because inventory is one of the major components and is nearly 50% of the current assets. Hence, it is necessary to analyze the size of inventory and the impact on working capital management. 7) Lifland, S. (2010) in his article, â€Å"The Corporate Soap-Opera, As the Cash Turns: Management of Working Capital and Potential External Financing Needs† finds that firms that efficiently manage their working capital are characterized as having increasing asset turnover ratios and decreasing days of receivables and inventories over the years, are ‘freeing up’ capital. Corporations use these ‘found’ funds to improve their supply chains, corporate logistics, and payment systems. The Days of the Working Capital Cycle represents the average number of days that cash must be committed to the management of a company’s working capital needs. A decline in the ratio translates into the firm’s ability to improve its inflows and management of cash. The existence and maintenance of working capital is the lifeblood of a corporation. It is the cash flow that revitalizes operations or slows it down to inoperable levels. Regardless of the size of th e company, the management of working capital accounts should influence its financial health. Kargar and Blumenthal (1994) found that small businesses were significantly impacted by management’s ability to successfully plan the cash requirements of the firm. Managers need to monitor the ratio of total working capital to total company assets, as a relatively high figure can signal future strains on the operational financial health of the firm. 8) Kelleher, J. & MacCormack, J. (2005) consider the complexity of considering the internal rate of return (IRR) on capital projects. A survey was conducted by the management consulting firm McKinsey & Co. This study asked 30 executives about the risks of this practice, They were surprised to find that only six were aware of IRR’s deficiencies. The article defines the risks IRR poses to capital budget management, considers the use of modified internal rate of return. IRR is a true indication of a project’s annual return on investment only when the project generates no interim cash flows — or when those interim cash flows really can be invested at the actual IRR. 9) Etiennot, H. & Preve, L. (2012) in their study, â€Å"Working Capital Management: An Exploratory Study.† found that Working capital management is an issue in which finance research is scarce. One possible reason behind this fact might relate to the relative ease with which efficient financial markets correct deviations from optimal working capital policies. However, in less efficient financial markets, pervasive among emerging economies, working capital management is critical for both firms ‘ performance and survival. The difference in the market’s ability for providing immediate assistance to firms might explain the differential consequences on firms’ profitability and financial distress. This article explains the fundamentals of working capital management, the importance of its interaction with financial markets, and how this interaction might explain working capital patterns around the world and in the various successful organizations that use it. 10) Singh, J. & Pandey, S. (2008) conducted a study, â€Å"Impact of Working Capital Management in the Profitability of Hindalco Industries Limited.† For any successful working of any business organization, fixed and current assets play a vital role. Management of working capital is essential as it has a direct impact on profitability and liquidity. This is a study of the working capital components and the impact of working capital management on profitability of Hindalco Industries Limited. The study is based on secondary data collected from annual reports of Hindalco for the study period 1990 to 2007. The ratio analysis, percentage method and coefficient of correlation have been used to analyze the data. The current assets of Hindalco witnessed a steady growth over the past years which were 40 times more in 2007 in comparison to that of 1990. Inventory and loans and advances mainly supported this increase. The study also shows that the contribution of long term source in working capital is below 30% in all the study period. This study effectively showed that working capital has a big impact on the profitability of the firm.